Antioxidants And Cancer Prevention - Fact Sheet

Just what are antioxidants and can they do anythingby-product of normal cell processes. Free radicals are
to help prevent or fight cancer?molecules with incomplete electron shells which make
Information from the National Cancer Institutethen more chemically reactive than those with
describe antioxidants as substances that may protectcomplete electron shells. Exposure to various
cells from the damage caused by unstable moleculesenvironmental factors, including tobacco smoke and
known as free radicals. Free radicals may lead toradiation, can also lead to free radical formation. (We
cancer. Antioxidants interact with and stabilize freepick up a lot of radiation from the sun, enough to
radicals and may prevent some of the damage freeburn our skin). In humans the most frequent form of
radicals otherwise might cause. Examples offree radicals is oxygen.
antioxidants include beta-carotene, lycopene, vitaminsWhen an oxygen molecule becomes electrically
C, E, and A, and other substances.charged of "radicalized" it tries to steal electrons from
Can antioxidants prevent cancer?other molecules, causing damage to the DNA and
Considerable laboratory evidence indicates thatother molecules. Over time, such damage may
antioxidants may slow or even prevent thebecome irreversible and lead to disease including
development of cancer. However, information fromcancer. Antioxidanats are often described as
recent clinical trials is less that clear."mopping up" free radicals, meaning they neutralize
Five large-scale clinical trials published in the 1990sthe electrical charge and prevent the free radicals
reached differing conclusions about the effect offrom taking electrons from other molecules.
antioxidants on cancer. The studies examined theAntioxidants used to be abundant in fruits and
effect of antioxidants on cancer in different groups.vegetables and nuts and grains. Due to our soils being
A study published in 1993 showed a combination ofnutritionally depleted the amount of antioxidants
beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium significantlyavailable in our food is now less that previously. It is
reduced incidence of both gastric cancer and cancerrecommended that we supplement our diet with
overall.good nutritional products.
Antioxidants neutralize free radicals as the natural