| Pharmaceutical companies often resort to other | | | | conduct a specific clinical trial. |
| countries such as Africa, Asia, Latin America and | | | | The Corruptions Perceptions Index, supervised by |
| Eastern Europe in attempt to further enhance | | | | Transparency International (a not-for-profit |
| revenue growth and to carry out clinical trials that | | | | organisation based in Berlin), affords a foundation for |
| are, by comparison, far more cost-effective. The | | | | which the threat of corruption can be estimated.The |
| attraction of these emerging markets is | | | | index is designed to rate countries based on the |
| acknowledged by many in the industry; where an | | | | views of state analysts and business executives.India |
| expanding middle class allows for more healthcare | | | | was ranked 85th , China 72nd and Brazil 18th out of |
| spending and where there are a number of willing and | | | | 180 countries where the country ranked the lowest |
| treatment-naïve volunteers available to recruit. | | | | would be considered to be the least corrupt. |
| The conduct of Clinical Trials has become cost | | | | Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology organisations need |
| effective in these countries. | | | | to consider this before looking to outsource their |
| Due to the vast increase in research, sales and | | | | studies in other countries. This industry should fully |
| production in these regions, CRO's (clinical research | | | | know the about the ethical violations that Clinical |
| organisations), biotech and pharmaceutical companies | | | | Research Organisations may come across If these |
| are now being challenged with ethical business | | | | organisations are ignorant towards this, the clinical trial |
| problems. Some countries are faced with corruption | | | | may in turn be jeopardised or the trial outcome |
| issues around clinical trials due to the need for | | | | report could be made invalid if the CRO carrying out |
| logistical and institutional capacities, trials being | | | | the study have breeched any ethics violations that |
| approved are taken for granted or are increasingly | | | | may be in place. This could be detrimental for the |
| difficult to attain which leads to back-handing or | | | | organisation's reputation, and could hinder any |
| bribes for securing the necessary approval to | | | | business in that country for the future. |