| It seems a bit counter-intuitive that oils could actually | | | | in coconut oil are rapidly and indiscriminately pulled into |
| help encourage reduction in bodyfat. But it's true, | | | | the mitochondria, unlike LCFA, they're immediately |
| coconut oil encourages weight loss and if you'll be | | | | used for energy, resulting in a burst of energy and |
| patient, I'll walk you through it. Let's start by going | | | | thermogenesis, which, subsequently, increases the |
| over some of the classroom-level fundamentals that | | | | body's metabolism. Several animal studies and clinical |
| you very well may have learned in University-level | | | | studies have proven that ingestion of coconut oil |
| biochemistry, if you took it, but may have otherwise | | | | increases the metabolic rate and decreases bodyfat |
| forgotten. Oils and fats are composed of | | | | both in studies done on humans, and animals. Rats |
| hydrophobic groups known as fatty acids. There are | | | | that were fed a diet consisting of MCFA had reduced |
| really two different ways to define fatty acids. The | | | | subcutaneous fat, a visible reduction in overall body |
| first method is based on saturation, and is probably | | | | adipose tissue, increased metabolism and increased |
| the one you are most familiar with. Most of you | | | | thermogenesis (Lipids 22 (6): 442-444). The burst of |
| would likely be familiar with saturated or unsaturated | | | | energy that is produced by medium chain fatty acids |
| fats and oils. The 2nd method to classify a fatty acid | | | | is also important for athletic endurance. In one study, |
| is based on size or length of the fatty acid chain. | | | | Researchers tested the physical endurance of mice |
| There are SCFA (short chain fatty acids), medium | | | | that ingested MCFA vs. those fed a diet consisting |
| chain fatty acids (MCFA), and long chain fatty acids | | | | primarily in LCFA for 6 weeks. The mice were |
| (LCFA). SCFA contain less than six carbon atoms, | | | | subjected to a swimming endurance test, where |
| MCFA have between 6-12 carbons, and LCFA have | | | | they had to swim against a current, every other day. |
| fourteen or more carbon atoms. The reason lipids are | | | | The mice that were fed medium chain fatty acids |
| characterized based length of their carbon backbone | | | | continually had more endurance than the others and |
| is because the size of the carbon chain affects the | | | | showed an increased physical endurance (Journal of |
| chemical and physical properties of the oil. | | | | Nutrition 125 (3):531-9). This research performed in |
| Most of the oils and fats that you eat come from | | | | animals provide us with evidence that medium chain |
| either animal or plant sources, all of which consist of | | | | fatty acids increase metabolism and promote the loss |
| of LCFA (long chain fatty acids). In fact, probably | | | | of fat while providing a burst of energy that |
| more than ninety-eight percent of the dietary fat | | | | increases physical endurance, in a manner that |
| that people eat is composed of LCFA. Coconut oil is | | | | doesn't make you fat. This boost in energy means |
| quite unlike most others because it is mostly | | | | you feel less lethargic, and can help you feel less |
| composed of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), with | | | | tired. |
| lauric acid constituting approximately 47% of coconut | | | | Numerous studies have shown that coconut oil (as |
| oil. Here is where it gets important: medium chain FA | | | | stated earlier, a MCFA) clearly demonstrates an |
| (MCFA) are metabolized very differently from LCFA | | | | effect in women and men very analogous to what |
| (long chain FA). First, I'll explain how most dietary fats | | | | has been observed in other studies involving animal |
| consisting of long chain fatty acids are metabolized | | | | models: it increases metabolism and decreases overall |
| and digested. Then I'll inform you how medium chain | | | | body fat. For example, in one study, healthy men and |
| fatty acids found in coconut oil are digested and | | | | women were administered either long chain fatty |
| metabolized, pointing out the significance and the | | | | acids or medium chain fatty acids in addition to a diet |
| major differences. | | | | similar in carbohydrate, fat, and protein content for |
| Long chain fatty acids (LCFA) existing in animal and | | | | twelve weeks. Throughout the 12 weeks, individuals |
| plant fats are not easily absorbed by the GI tract | | | | that took medium chain fatty acids had significantly |
| and require pancreatic enzymes and bile salts to to | | | | less body weight and, specifically, body fat (The |
| metabolize them so that they can be absorbed by | | | | Journal of Nutrition 131 (11): 2853-2859). Scientific |
| the intestine. Next, the LCFA are packaged into | | | | studies have also shown that MCFA also increase the |
| chylomicrons, which are lipoproteins that transport | | | | burning of LCFA that are already in your body, |
| lipids throughout your body. The lipoproteins are | | | | tucked away in your lovehandles (International Journal |
| transported through the lymphatic system then | | | | of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal |
| circulate through the bloodstream, where they deliver | | | | of the International Association for the Study of |
| lipid components to a variety of tissues, including | | | | Obesity 24 (9): 1158-1166). Similar to the scientific |
| cardiac, skeletal tissue, and adipose. After the | | | | animal studies, MCFA also increase energy production |
| chylomicrons have uploaded their oil components to | | | | by increasing thermogenesis, which increases the |
| these tissues, the left over lipoproteins move to the | | | | metabolic rate in humans as well (Metabolism: Clinical |
| liver, where they are brought into the mitochondria | | | | and Experimental 38 (7): 641-648). In another study, |
| of liver tissues, using the carnitine palmitoyl | | | | people with high levels of circulating triglycerides were |
| transferase (CPT) machinery, and are finally oxidized | | | | given MCFA for eight weeks. In addition to |
| for energy use (Life Sciences 62 (14): 1203-1215). | | | | decreasing body fat, their triglyceride levels |
| This is how all unsaturated fats, cholesterol, and | | | | plummeted by 14.5 percent (European Journal of |
| saturated fatty acids is made up of long chain fatty | | | | Clinical Nutrition 63 (7): 879-886). |
| acids (all of your dietary fat) is transported | | | | So just a quick refresher for those of you that lost |
| throughout the body. | | | | focus: |
| In contrast, medium chain fatty acids existing within | | | | - Coconut oil, a source of medium chain FA, is |
| coconut oil are absorbed by the GI tract | | | | metabolized by a different process than long chain |
| (gastrointestinal) with ease, they do not require any | | | | FA altogether, this process speeds up its use as |
| pancreatic enzymes to break them down, which | | | | energy instead of storing it away as fat. |
| means less work for your pancreas. Next, MCFA are | | | | - Because the body has to preferentially burn the fat |
| shipped to the portal blood stream, directly to the | | | | off, it ramps up the metabolism by increasing |
| liver, where they go directly into mitochondria | | | | thermogenesis. |
| markedly without the use of the carnitine palmitoyl | | | | - This ramping up of the metabolism then proceeds |
| transferase, and are instantly oxidized for energy. | | | | to not only burn off coconut oil, but long chain FA |
| MCFA (medium chain fatty acids) from coconut oil do | | | | pre-existing the consumption of coconut oil as well. |
| not get packaged into lipoproteins, and do not get | | | | - These effects have been seen both in animal |
| transported to a variety of tissues and are not | | | | studies, and more importantly, human studies. To |
| stored as body fat, they go directly to the liver and | | | | reap the medium chain FA benefits you simply need |
| are metabolized for energy (Life Sciences 62 (14): | | | | to change the type of oil you use to cook with to |
| 1203-1215). The bottom line is that medium chain | | | | coconut oil. |
| fatty acids from coconut oil produces energy to the | | | | These statements and/or products have not been |
| exclusion of all else, whereas, LCFA found in all other | | | | evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This |
| dietary fats produce some energy, but mostly body | | | | information is not medical advice, if you are pregnant, |
| fat. | | | | nursing, taking medication, or have a medical |
| Because the medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) found | | | | condition, consult your physician. |