Molecular Switches in the Human Body

Scientists from the University of Copenhagen andfor a cell to function normally, acetylation is essential.
the Max Planck Institute in Germany have recentlyAgeing and the development of diseases such as
discovered roughly three thousand six hundredAlzheimer's, Parkinson's and cancer can be a result of
molecular switches that exist within the human body.defective protein regulation.
By regulating protein functions, these switches mayProf Mann continues, "With the new mapping, we can
become critical factors to the human aging processnow begin to study and describe how acetylation
and the early stages and treatment of variousswitches respond to medications that could repair the
diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson'sdefects on them. It can have a major impact on
disease and cancer. These findings were recentlymedical care," and he adds that promising outcomes
published in the July edition of the journal Science.have already begun to show in medications that
Approximately 3,600 acetylation switches in 1,750correct damaged protein regulation in the treatment
varying proteins have been identified by the group ofof cancer.
scientists led by Professor Matthias Mann from NovoCooperating proteins
Nordisk Center for Protein Research at the MaxThe group has also learnt that the modification of
Planck Institute and University of Copenhagen.acetylation occurs mainly on proteins that work in
Prof Mann says, "This is more than just aharmony, and that the consequences that these
technological achievement, it has also expanded theswitches have for the organism's function are much
number of known acetylation switches by a factormore important than previously assumed. For
of six, and it gives us for the first time aexample, the addition of an acetylation switch to
comprehensive insight into this type of proteinCdc28 (an important growth protein in yeast) can
modification."disrupt the organism's functionality and in turn it's
A protein is able to carry out many tasks, and theability to stay alive.
way in which it performs is regulated by adding aFindings and results were published in the 17 July
certain molecule that serves as a 'switch' and2009 edition of Science, University of Copenhagen.
determines which task the protein performs. In order